张奎武英美概况考研真题答案网课重点

本书根据张奎武《英美概况》（第4版）的内容编排分为两部分，上册（英国）和下册（美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰），精选与各部分内容配套的考研真题和相关习题进行详解。

上册（英国）

英　国

第一部分　英国地理

Ⅰ. Multiple Choices.

1. Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the EXCEPTION?

A. London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country.

B. London has a larger population than all other cities in England.

C. London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.

D. London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】伦敦是英国最大的城市，也是世界上最大的城市之一，并非是最大的城市。

2. Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain?

A. England

B. Scotland

C. Northern Ireland

D. Wales

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】大不列颠岛上共有三个政治分区，分别为England（位于南部，面积最大、人口最稠密），Scotland（位于北部，拥有三大自然区：北部高地、中部低地和南部丘陵）和Wales（位于西部）。Ireland是大不列颠岛之外的另一个岛屿，包含英国的Northern Ireland和the Republic of Ireland。故选C。

3. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?

A. The cultural centre.

B. The business centre.

C. The financial centre.

D. The sports centre.

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】伦敦是英国的文化和商业中心，也是世界金融中心。

搜索张奎武《英美概况》即可呈现内容

4. Which of the following is NOT true about Britain?

A. It used to be a powerful imperial country in the world.

B. It plays an active role as a member of the European Union.

C. It is a relatively wealthy and developed country.

D. It used to be one of the superpowers in the world.

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】直到现在，英国仍然是世界上最强大的国家之一。因此D项错误。

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy?

A. Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.

B. Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.

C. There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.

D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】自1945年二战结束以来，英国经历了经济衰退，但是这是一种相对衰退，而不是绝对衰退。英国比1945年更富有了，生产力更强了。但是由于其他国家发展得更快，所以英国经济从第2位下滑至第6位。因此，说英国国民的生活水平持续下降是不正确的。总体上，人们的生活水平仍然在上升。

6. Which of the following was NOT the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945?

A. Britain did not invest in modern equipment and new products.

B. Britain spent a high proportion of its national wealth on the military.

C. Britain had been heavily in debt to finance the war.

D. Britain had carried out the nationalization of the businesses.

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】为了给战争筹集资金，英国已经背上了沉重的债务，这意味着英国在进入战后阶段时已经面临严重的经济问题了。随着帝国时代的完结,英国失去了原材料基地和广阔的市场。俗称大英帝国的“皇冠上的珠宝”的印度于1947年赢得了独立。1979年撒切尔夫人上台以后，实施了一系列国有企业私有化的措施。因此，英国在这一时期并没有实行国有化的措施。

7. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?

A. Beef cattle.

B. Dairy cattle.

C. Chicken.

D. Sheep.

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】绵羊是英国数量最多的家畜。

8. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?

A. In the southeast of England.

B. In the northeast of England.

C. In the southeast of Scotland.

D. In the northeast of Scotland.

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】英国最好的农业用地是英格兰东南部。

9. Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector?

A. Shell.

B. ICI.

C. RTZ.

D. British Gas.

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】帝国化学工业公司（ICI）是世界上第二大油漆制造商。它并不是能源部门的企业。